Within the city of Rome, several powerful monarchs from across the Christian world had gathered at the behest of Pope Julius. The recent establishment of the German Empire under Berengar von Kufstein and his dynasty had frightened the Papacy, and many of the neighboring kingdoms, into action. One thing was certain: they could no longer sit idly by and wait for Berengar to amass more power.
Among those present for this international council were the rulers of the Kingdom of France, the Kingdom of Spain, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Duchy of Aquitaine, the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Scotland, the Kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and several of the Rus States.
